Do you know a few types of crystals that collectors like?

Among the colored gemstones, crystal should be regarded as the most recognized gem. In the amber, tourmaline, lapis lazuli and other colorful treasures, it has not been recognized by people. Even before it entered the market, crystal has been widely used as jewelry. It is.

However, the true beauty of crystals has not been seen by many people. Everyone who sees them is either a piece of jewelry made of crystal scraps or a synthetic counterfeit crystal. In fact, in addition to the transparency of the crystal, there are many beautiful landscapes, and the inclusions show beautiful scenery such as mountains and rivers, flower and bird fish, sun and moon stars, sea waves, and characters. It can be said that as long as you can imagine the beauty, almost all of them may appear in the crystal.

Crystal is not a gem of bad street

Reporter: Colored gems such as amber, tourmaline, and lapis lazuli have not been recognized by people. Crystals have been widely used as jewelry before they even enter the market. But because of the large output of crystal, the high end of the high end, the low end and the low end, so in many people's impressions, crystal seems to be a low-end color treasure.

Mo Daoming: This is a misunderstanding of many people about crystal. What we often see is the scrap of crystal, or some crystals that have been baked, and the crystal grades circulating in the market are relatively low.

The real crystal formation takes 80 million years, it is alive and will grow. The crystal fragments that are common in everyday life are just some of the scraps that have been ejected from volcanic eruptions during their growth.

There is another reason for people's misunderstanding of crystal. Before the advent of synthetic crystals in the 1980s, countries used crystals as scarce resources for industrial wafers. Why is it called a wafer? Because the original raw material is derived from crystal. At present, it has been proved that crystal can store energy. Except for crystal and diamond, other gemstones have no industrial conductive unidirectionality. So for a long time, crystals were used as high-tech raw materials, and only a few pieces of debris came into the market. But using natural crystals to make materials is too expensive, and resources are scarce, until the synthetic crystals appear, the crystal trading is released.

Reporter: The color of crystal is very rich, the most common is colorless and transparent crystal, as well as purple amethyst, yellow citrine, smoked or brown smoky quartz, pink hibiscus. The trend of collections is constantly changing. In the middle of the last century, some Hong Kong-funded enterprises made crystal processing business in the Mainland and then sold them to Europe, America and Japan. At that time, everyone didn't know much about crystal. They thought that the clean crystal was the best. The crystals with the inclusions were treated as garbage. So many crystals containing hair and ghosts were cut off. These are all impurities. By now, many collectors have begun to chase the crystals of hair and ghosts. So what kind of crystal is the collector's favorite?

Mo Daoming: In the crystal collection industry, it is still whiter and more transparent, and crystals without impurities are the best. Why is my recently collected crystal ball (weight 34 kg, diameter 29.3 cm) called the most perfect and largest crystal ball in the same collection? Just because the volume of natural crystals is so rare, there is nothing wrong with it. To know that the crystal ball is made of natural crystal column, the process of manufacturing is quite difficult. The birth of a ball must consume 4-6 times more material than its weight, and it is very risky when it is rounded. It is often easy to split and the work is abandoned. So this time I promised the processing team that I would pay an extra 200,000 yuan for every 1 mm increase in the crystal ball.

Crystals containing inclusions can be divided into two types: "crystal" and "green ghost". Hair crystal is a crystal containing bundles of inclusions, one looks like hair, a golden hair called titanium crystal, and red hair, green hair, silver hair. “Green Ghost” is a special landscape formed by the inclusions in the crystal. For example, it looks like a landscape picture, and it is quite unique. As you said, the crystals that used to contain inclusions are not considered to be impurities, but the price of titanium crystals is also very expensive. It is very popular in China, Taiwan, Japan and South Korea.

But I think scarce things are more precious. The most scarce thing is the large blue crystals. At present, very few are found. If you can find a good blue crystal, the price will be incredible.

What are the characteristics of the crystals of each place of origin?

Reporter: Is the storage of crystals large?

Mo Daoming: Basically, every country has found crystal mines, but high-quality crystals are only found in South America and South Africa. South America is concentrated in Brazil and Uruguay, and South Africa is around Madagascar. If it is white crystal, it will be the first to promote the East China Sea. The East China Sea is the main producing area of ​​China's crystal. The pure whiteness of the crystal produced locally is also the best in the world.

Reporter: How big is the annual crystal production in the East China Sea?

Chen Lin: The East China Sea is now known as the Crystal Capital of China. Its crystal reserves and production volume account for more than half of the country. The proven reserves of crystals in the East China Sea are 300 million tons, and there are 3 billion tons of quartz stones. Moreover, the crystal quality of the East China Sea is very high, and the pure content of silica reaches 99.99%, which is the best in the world. Now the government has protected resources and restricted mining.

Reporter: Have you ever had a stage of over-exploitation?

Chen Lin: Yes, the crystal industry in the East China Sea was developed in the mid-1980s. The crystal mine is called “Chicken Mine” in the East China Sea. Unlike other gemstones, which are concentrated in one mining area, there are many small mines scattered around. In the past, the East China Sea people could dig crystals casually, especially during the winter slack season. The whole village, men, women and children all went to the ground to dig crystals. Sometimes after a heavy rain, the soil on the surface is washed away, and crystals are everywhere in the night.

It stands to reason that the crystal is formed in the deep part of the earth. It is the magma that is cold and crystallized. The formation time is very long and it is very deep. It should be difficult to mine. Why do the crystals of the East China Sea grow on the surface? Because the geological conditions in the East China Sea are very special, as early as in ancient times, the two plates collided and the crystals under the ground were held up, so the crystals were on the surface, and the people could dig them casually. However, with the increasing use of crystals and increasing popularity, the crystals on the surface of the East China Sea have been quickly mined. It has been difficult to dig up large crystal mines in the last decade or so. The government realized that it had been over-exploited, so now the crystal mines are protected and resources are reserved for future generations.

Now the East China Sea has become an international crystal distribution center. As long as there are crystals, there are people from the East China Sea. People go to Brazil, Uruguay, Madagascar, Russia and other places to purchase crystals, and the crystals from all over the world are continuously transported back to the East China Sea. Now the world wants to buy Natural crystals are known to come to the East China Sea to buy. Crystal has also become a pillar industry in the East China Sea. The population of the East China Sea is 1.1 million, and there are more than 200,000 people directly involved in the crystal industry.

Reporter: What are the characteristics of each crystal in each place?

Chen Lin: There are three kinds of crystals in the East China Sea: white crystal, brown crystal, and “green ghost”; there are many crystal varieties produced in Brazil, including white crystal, titanium crystal, crystal, etc.; Uruguay mainly produces amethyst; Madagascar mainly produces Colorless and transparent crystal.

The world's largest crystal producers are in China, Brazil, Madagascar, and Uruguay. Of course, Russia and Zambia also have it. Brazil has the world's largest crystal reserves, and they are now beginning to limit mining.

dispute

First, there is no natural crystal with bubbles?

Reporter: Glass is often used to fake crystals. The appearance of the glass is very close to that of the crystal. According to the current state of the art, the glass can counterfeit any kind of gem. As long as different trace elements are added, different colors can appear, and different processes can be controlled to achieve different transparency. There is now an intuitive way to identify crystals and glass, that is, to see if there are bubbles in the crystal, and if there are bubbles, it is glass-like. Is this method feasible?

Mo Daoming: This is the easiest way to identify, it can be used to distinguish between crystal and glass. Natural crystals are bubble free. Although this is a bit absolute, I have been playing crystal for so many years, and I have never seen a natural crystal with bubbles. In the circle where we play crystal, we don’t want bubbles. According to the current technical conditions, it is very difficult to make artificial crystals without bubbles. Just put them under the microscope and see if there are any bubbles at a glance. The texture of the crystal is very transparent. If the technical conditions are so high that it can be highly imitation, the cost is no less than a natural crystal.

Chen Lin: Natural crystals also have bubbles, but very few are rare. There is also a crystal containing "water gallbladder", which is a very special kind of inclusion. In the process of crystal formation, a small pool of water is wrapped inside. But in general, it is much easier to distinguish the true and false of crystal than other jewels. Because the crystal is crystal clear, the artificial things can be seen at a glance, and then sent to the laboratory, and the machine can be measured immediately.

Wang Qi (authorized signatory, main inspection and training department of the Jewelry Laboratory of Guangzhou Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine Bureau): Identification of crystal and glass is free of bubbles. I think this method of identification is unscientific, naturally formed crystal. There may be bubbles inside the synthetic crystal. However, the naturally formed bubbles are different from the bubbles formed during the synthetic process. The bubbles in the natural crystal are often combined with liquids and solids, such as gas-liquid two-phase inclusions and gas-liquid-solid three-phase inclusions commonly found in crystals.

At present, many "water crystals" on the market are fake, that is, artificially injecting liquid into natural crystals. Nowadays, the anti-counterfeiting technology is very advanced. After filling the water, you can find a way to seal the gap. If you don't look carefully, you can't find it, but you can still identify it carefully.

Second, the hair is more chaotic is the natural crystal?

Reporter: The current hair crystal is also fake. Is it natural that the hair inside is messy? Is the hair thread more fake? Can artificially imitate a natural hair crystal?

Chen Lin: If you see that there are inclusions or hairs inside, it is definitely a natural crystal. The artificial effect can't be done.

Mo Daoming: Now the artificially made crystals have not been discovered yet. The hair inside the hair crystal is slowly pulled out during the natural growth process. It is very uniform, and the hair is the same from beginning to end. There is no way to do this evenly. And the natural hair is bent naturally, and the artificial crystal can't make this bending effect. So basically it can be judged like this: crystals with natural hair are natural.

And not all hair crystals are of high value, they must be bright and shiny, the turbid hair is not worth the money, and the hair is too dense and too messy.

Reporter: Can synthetic crystals also produce the vision of "green ghost"?

Mo Daoming: "Green Ghost" is illegible, because the crystal is very transparent, the artificial inclusions are easy to find, and no high imitation technology has been found yet.

As long as you use a very bright glare, a perfect crystal will find a flaw in it. Because crystal is alive, it grows with layers of growth between layers. Naturally formed crystals grow very slowly, while synthetic crystals grow very fast. Generally, they can grow one millimeter a day. Because they grow too fast, the faults and silks are not the same as natural ones. It is not difficult to identify.

Wang Qi: In the past, many people thought that there was no way to synthesize crystals, but in fact, the synthesis technology is so advanced, and what kind of crystal can be counterfeited. It is not difficult to synthesize crystals. In the process of crystal synthesis, artificially let it produce a lot of empty tubes. In the later stage, the empty tubes are colored into gold for imitation. Artificial falsification can also make the "hair" very irregular, and the natural hair is also very regular, to distinguish by carefully magnifying the internal inclusion characteristics.

In order to better deceive consumers, some synthetic crystals can also make a special effect. But this kind of artificially made "floss" is actually an unmelted raw material or crystallite. It can be seen under the high magnification magnifying glass, which is different from the naturally formed "floss", in natural crystal. Most of them are small gas-liquid inclusions, and synthetic crystals are uniform and small crystals.

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